{"id":48103,"date":"2018-01-30T04:45:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-29T23:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.odango.com\/?p=48103"},"modified":"2023-02-03T13:59:13","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T08:29:13","slug":"selenium-interview-questions-and-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asha24.net\/blog\/selenium-interview-questions-and-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Selenium Interview Questions and answers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; title=&#8221;on&#8221; meta=&#8221;off&#8221; author=&#8221;on&#8221; date=&#8221;on&#8221; categories=&#8221;on&#8221; comments=&#8221;on&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_placement=&#8221;below&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_background=&#8221;off&#8221; title_font=&#8221;Titillium Web||||||||&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;47&#8243; title_font_size_tablet=&#8221;40&#8243; title_font_size_phone=&#8221;35&#8243; title_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.8)&#8221; title_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; text_shadow_blur_strength=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0.08em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||10%&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Titillium Web|300|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20&#8243; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.8)&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;800px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||10%&#8221; text_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;off|phone&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;off|phone&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221;]\r\n\r\n<strong>1)\u00a0What is Selenium and what is composed of?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium is a suite of tools for automated web\u00a0testing.\u00a0 It is composed of\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) :\u00a0\u00a0It is a tool for recording and playing back.\u00a0 It is a firefox plugin<\/li>\r\n \t<li>WebDriver and RC:\u00a0 It provide the APIs for a variety of languages like Java, .NET, PHP, etc. With most of the browsers Webdriver and RC works.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Grid:\u00a0With the help of Grid you can distribute tests on multiple machines so that test can be run parallel which helps in cutting down the time required for running in browser test suites<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>2)\u00a0What is Selenium 2.0 ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Web testing tools Selenium RC and WebDriver are consolidated in single tool in Selenium 2.0\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>3)\u00a0How will you find an element using Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0In Selenium every object or control in a web page is referred as an elements, there are different ways to find an element in a web page they are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ID<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Name<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tag<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Attribute<\/li>\r\n \t<li>CSS<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Linktext<\/li>\r\n \t<li>PartialLink Text<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Xpath etc<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>4)\u00a0List out the test types that are supported by Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>For web based application testing selenium can be used\r\n\r\nThe test types can be supported are\r\n\r\na)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Functional\r\n\r\nb)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regression\r\n\r\nFor post release validation with continuous integration automation tool could be used\r\n\r\na)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jenkins\r\n\r\nb)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hudson\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quick Build\r\n\r\nd)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CruiseCont\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>5) \u00a0Mention what is the use of X-path?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>X-Path is used to find the WebElement in web pages. It is also useful in identifying the dynamic elements.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>6)\u00a0Explain the difference between single and double slash in X-path?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Single slash \u2018\/ \u2019\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Single slash ( \/ ) start selection from the document node<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It allows you to create \u2018absolute\u2019 path expressions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nDouble Slash \u2018\/\/ \u2019\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Double slash ( \/\/ ) start selection matching anywhere in the document<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It enables to create \u2018relative\u2019 path expressions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>7)\u00a0List out the technical challenges with Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Technical challenges with Selenium are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selenium supports only web based applications<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It does not support the Bitmap comparison<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For any reporting related capabilities have to depend on third party tools<\/li>\r\n \t<li>No vendor support for tool compared to commercial tools like HP UFT<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As there is no object repository concept in Selenium, maintainability of objects becomes difficult<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>8)\u00a0What is the difference between type keys and type commands ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>TypeKeys() will trigger JavaScript event in most of the cases whereas .type() won\u2019t. Type key populates the value attribute using JavaScript whereas .typekeys() emulates like actual user typing\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>9)\u00a0 What is the difference between verify and assert commands?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong><em>Assert:<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Assert allows checking whether an element is on the page or not. The test will stop on the step failed, if the asserted element is not available. In other words, the test will terminate at the point where check fails.\r\n\r\n<em>Verify:<\/em>\u00a0Verify command will check whether the element is on the page, if it is not then the test will carry on executing.\u00a0 In verification, all the commands are going to run guaranteed even if any of test fails.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>10)\u00a0What is JUnit Annotations and what are different types of annotations which are useful ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>In JAVA a special form of syntactic meta-data can be added to Java source code, this is know as Annotations.\u00a0 Variables, parameters, packages, methods and classes are annotated some of the JUnit annotations which can be useful are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Test<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Before<\/li>\r\n \t<li>After<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ignore<\/li>\r\n \t<li>BeforeClass<\/li>\r\n \t<li>AfterClass<\/li>\r\n \t<li>RunWith<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>11)\u00a0While using click command can you use screen coordinate?\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>To click on specific part of element, you would need to use clickAT command.\u00a0 ClickAt command accepts element locator and x, y co-ordinates as arguments-\r\n\r\nclickAt (locator, cordString)\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>12)\u00a0\u00a0What are the advantages of Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>It supports C#, PHP, Java, Perl, Phython<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It supports different OS like Windows, Linux and Mac OS<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It has got powerful methods to locate elements (Xpath, DOM , CSS)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It has highly developer community supported by Google<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>13)\u00a0Why testers should opt for Selenium and not QTP?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Selenium is more popular than QTP as\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selenium is an open source whereas QTP is a commercial tool<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium is used specially for testing web based applications while QTP can be used for testing client\u00a0serverapplication also<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium supports Firefox, IE, Opera, Safari \u00a0on operating systems like Windows, Mac, linux etc. however QTP is limited to Internet Explorer on Windows.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium supports many\u00a0Programming languages like Ruby, Perl, Python whereas QTP supports only VB script<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>14)\u00a0What are the four parameter you have to pass in Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Four parameters that you have to pass in Selenium are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Host<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Port Number<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Browser<\/li>\r\n \t<li>URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>15)\u00a0What is the difference between setSpeed() and sleep() methods?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Both will delay the speed of execution.\r\n\r\nThread.sleep ():\u00a0 It will stop the current (java) thread for the specified period of time.\u00a0 Its done only once\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>It takes a single argument in integer format<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEx: thread.sleep(2000)- It will wait for 2 seconds\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>It waits only once at the command given at sleep<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSetSpeed () :\u00a0 For specific amount of time it will stop the execution for every selenium command.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>It takes a single argument in integer format<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEx: selenium.setSpeed(\u201c2000\u201d)- It will wait for 2 seconds\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Runs each command \u00a0after setSpeed delay by the number of milliseconds mentioned in set Speed<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThis command is useful for\u00a0 demonstration purpose or if you are using a slow web application\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>16)\u00a0What is same origin policy? How you can avoid same origin policy?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0\u201cSame Origin Policy\u201d\u00a0is introduced for security reason, and it ensures that content of your site will never be accessible by a script from another site.\u00a0 As per the policy, any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u2019s domain.\r\n\r\nTo avoid \u201cSame Origin Policy\u201d proxy injection method is used, in proxy injection mode the Selenium Server acts as a client configured\u00a0HTTP proxy\u00a0, which sits between the browser and application under test and then masks the AUT under a fictional URL\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>17)\u00a0What is heightened privileges browsers?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>The purpose of heightened privileges is similar to Proxy Injection, allows websites to do something that are not commonly permitted.\u00a0 The key difference is that the browsers are launced in a special mode called heightened privileges.\u00a0 By using these browser mode, Selenium core can open the AUT directly and also read\/write its content without passing the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>18)\u00a0How you can use \u201csubmit\u201d a form using Selenium ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0You can use \u201csubmit\u201d method on element to submit form-\r\n\r\nelement.submit () ;\r\n\r\nAlternatively you can use click method on the element which does form submission\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>19)\u00a0What are the features of TestNG and list some of the functionality in TestNG which makes it more effective?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>TestNG is a testing framework based on JUnit and NUnit to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from unit testing to integration testing. And the functionality which makes it efficient testing framework are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Support for annotations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Support for data-driven testing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flexible test configuration<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ability to re-execute failed test cases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>20)\u00a0Mention what is the difference between Implicit wait and Explicit wait?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Implicit Wait: Sets a timeout for all successive Web Element searches. For the specified amount of time it will try looking for element again and again before throwing a NoSuchElementException.\u00a0 It waits for elements to show up.\r\n\r\nExplicit Wait : \u00a0It is a one-timer, used for a particular search.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>21)\u00a0Which attribute you should consider throughout the script in frame for \u201cif no frame Id as well as no frame name\u201d?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0You can use\u2026..driver.findElements(By.xpath(\u201c\/\/iframe\u201d))\u2026.\r\n\r\nThis will return list of frames.\r\n\r\nYou will ned to \u00a0switch to each and every frame and search for locator which we want.\r\n\r\nThen break the loop\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>22)\u00a0Explain what is the difference between find elements () and find element () ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>find element ():\r\n\r\nIt finds the first element within the current page using the given \u201clocating mechanism\u201d.\u00a0 It returns a single WebElement\r\n\r\nfindElements () : Using the given \u201clocating mechanism\u201d find all the elements within the current page.\u00a0 It returns a list of web elements.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>23)\u00a0Explain what are the JUnits annotation linked with Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0The JUnits annotation linked with Selenium are\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>@Before public void method() \u2013 It will perform the method () before each test, this method can prepare the test<\/li>\r\n \t<li>@Test public void method() \u2013 Annotations @Test identifies that this method is a test method environment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>@After public void method()- To execute a method before this annotation is used, test method must start with\u00a0test@Before<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>24)\u00a0Explain what is Datadriven framework and Keyword driven?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong><em>\u00a0Datadriven framework:<\/em>\u00a0 In this framework, the test data is separated and kept outside the Test Scripts, while test case logic resides in Test Scripts.\u00a0 Test data is read from the external files ( Excel Files) and are loaded into the variables inside the Test Script.\u00a0 Variables are used for both for input values and for verification values.\r\n\r\n<em>Keyworddriven framework:<\/em>\u00a0The keyword driven frameworks requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation.\u00a0 In a keyword driven test, the functionality of the application under test is documented in a table as well as step by step instructions for each test.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>25)\u00a0Explain how you can login into any site if it\u2019s showing any authentication popup for password and username?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Pass the username and password with url\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Syntax-http:\/\/username:password@url<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ex-\u00a0http:\/\/creyate:tom@www.gmail.com<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>26)\u00a0Explain how to assert text of webpage using selenium 2.0 ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cElementID\u201d))\r\n\r\n\/\/get test from element and stored in text variable\r\n\r\nString text = el.getText();\r\n\r\n\/\/assert text from expected\r\n\r\nAssert.assertEquals(\u201cElement Text\u201d, text);\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>27)\u00a0What is Object Repository ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>An object repository is an essential entity in any UI automations which allows a tester to store all object that will be used in the scripts in one or more centralized locations rather than scattered all over the test scripts.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>28)\u00a0Explain how Selenium Grid works?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Selenium Grid sent the tests to the hub. These tests are redirected to Selenium Webdriver, which launch the browser and run the test.\u00a0 With entire test suite, it allows for running tests in parallel.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>29)\u00a0Can we use Selenium grid for performance testing?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Yes. But not as effectively as a dedicated performance testing tool like Loadrunner.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>30) What is Automation Testing?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application\/system under test. Automation testing involves use to a separate testing tool which lets you create test scripts which can be executed repeatedly and doesn\u2019t require any manual intervention.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>31) What are the benefits of Automation Testing?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Benefits of Automation testing are:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Supports execution of repeated test cases<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Aids in testing a large test matrix<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Enables parallel execution<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Encourages unattended execution<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Improves accuracy thereby reducing human generated errors<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Saves time and money<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>32) Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>is free and open source<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have a large user base and helping communities<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>has fresh and regular repository developments<\/li>\r\n \t<li>supports distributed testing<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>33) What is Selenium? What are the different Selenium components?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Selenium is one of the most popular automated testing suites. Selenium is designed in a way to support and encourage automation testing of functional aspects of web based applications and a wide range of browsers and platforms. Due to its existence in the open source community, it has become one of the most accepted tools amongst the testing professionals.\r\n\r\nSelenium is not just a single tool or a utility, rather a package of several testing tools and for the same reason it is referred to as a Suite. Each of these tools is designed to cater different testing and test environment requirements.\r\n\r\nThe suite package constitutes of the following sets of tools:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) &#8211;\u00a0Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool. It is distributed as a Firefox Plugin.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium Remote Control (RC)\u00a0\u2013 Selenium RC is a server that allows user to create test scripts in a desired programming language. It also allows executing test scripts within the large spectrum of browsers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium\u00a0WebDriver \u2013 WebDriver is a different tool altogether that has various advantages over Selenium RC. WebDriver directly communicates with the web browser and uses its native compatibility to automate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium Grid\u2013 Selenium Grid is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and environments concurrently.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>34) What are the testing types that can be supported by Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium supports the following types of testing:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Functional Testing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Regression Testing<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>35) What are the limitations of Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Following are the limitations of Selenium:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Selenium supports testing of only web based applications<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mobile applications cannot be tested using Selenium<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Captcha and Bar code readers cannot be tested using Selenium<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reports can only be generated using third party tools like TestNG or Junit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As Selenium is a free tool, thus there is no ready vendor support though the user can find numerous helping communities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>User is expected to possess prior programming language knowledge.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>36)\u00a0What is the difference between Selenium IDE, Selenium RC and WebDriver?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Feature<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC<\/td>\r\n<td>WebDriver<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Browser Compatibility<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE comes as a Firefox plugin, thus it supports only Firefox<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera.\r\nAlso supports HtmlUnitDriver which is a GUI less or headless browser.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Record and Playback<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE supports record and playback feature<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC doesn&#8217;t supports record and playback feature<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver doesn&#8217;t support record and playback feature<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Server Requirement<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE doesn&#8217;t require any server to be started before executing the test scripts<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC requires server to be started before executing the test scripts<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver doesn&#8217;t require any server to be started before executing the test scripts<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Architecture<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE is a Javascript based framework<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC is a JavaScript based Framework<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver uses the browser&#8217;s native compatibility to automation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Object Oriented<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE is not an object oriented tool<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC is semi object oriented tool<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver is a purely object oriented tool<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dynamic Finders\r\n(for locating web elements on a webpage)<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE doesn&#8217;t support dynamic finders<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC doesn&#8217;t support dynamic finders<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver supports dynamic finders<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Handling Alerts, Navigations, Dropdowns<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE doesn&#8217;t explicitly provides aids to handle alerts, navigations, dropdowns<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC doesn&#8217;t explicitly provides aids to handle alerts, navigations, dropdowns<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver offers a wide range of utilities and classes that helps in handling alerts, navigations, and dropdowns efficiently and effectively.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>WAP (iPhone\/Android) Testing<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE doesn&#8217;t support testing of iPhone\/Andriod applications<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC doesn&#8217;t support testing of iPhone\/Andriod applications<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver is designed in a way to efficiently support testing of iPhone\/Android applications. The tool comes with a large range of drivers for WAP based testing.\r\nFor example, AndroidDriver, iPhoneDriver<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Listener Support<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE doesn&#8217;t support listeners<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC doesn&#8217;t support listeners<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver supports the implementation of Listeners<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Speed<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium IDE is fast as it is plugged in with the web-browser that launches the test. Thus, the IDE and browser communicates directly<\/td>\r\n<td>Selenium RC is slower than WebDriver as it doesn&#8217;t communicates directly with the browser; rather it sends selenese commands over to Selenium Core which in turn communicates with the browser.<\/td>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">WebDriver communicates directly with the web browsers. Thus making it much faster.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>37) When should I use Selenium IDE?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium IDE is the simplest and easiest of all the tools within the Selenium Package. Its record and playback feature makes it exceptionally easy to learn with minimal acquaintances to any programming language. Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for a na\u00efve user.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>38) What is Selenese?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenese is the language which is used to write test scripts in Selenium IDE.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>39) What are the different types of locators in Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately and precisely we have different types of locators in Selenium.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ID<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ClassName<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Name<\/li>\r\n \t<li>TagName<\/li>\r\n \t<li>LinkText<\/li>\r\n \t<li>PartialLinkText<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Xpath<\/li>\r\n \t<li>CSS Selector<\/li>\r\n \t<li>DOM<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>40)\u00a0What is difference between assert and verify commands?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Assert:<\/em>\u00a0Assert command checks whether the given condition is true or false. Let\u2019s say we assert whether the given element is present on the web page or not. If the condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution would stop and no further test would be executed.\r\n\r\n<em>Verify:<\/em>\u00a0Verify command also checks whether the given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or false, the program execution doesn\u2019t halts i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the execution and all the test steps would be executed.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>41) What is an Xpath?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Xpath is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which is very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, Xpath can be used to locate HTML elements.\r\n\r\nThe fundamental behind locating elements using Xpath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>42) What is the difference between \u201c\/\u201d and \u201c\/\/\u201d in Xpath?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Single Slash \u201c\/\u201d \u2013\u00a0Single slash is used to create Xpath with absolute path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from the document node\/start node.\r\n\r\nDouble Slash \u201c\/\/\u201d \u2013\u00a0Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>43) What is Same origin policy and how it can be handled?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0The problem of same origin policy disallows to access the DOM of a document from an origin that is different from the origin we are trying to access the document.\r\n\r\nOrigin is a sequential combination of scheme, host and port of the URL. For example, for a URL http:\/\/\u00a0http:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/resources\/, the origin is a combination of http,\u00a0softwaretestinghelp.com, 80 correspondingly.\r\n\r\nThus the Selenium Core (JavaScript Program) cannot access the elements from an origin that is different from where it was launched. For Example, if I have launched the JavaScript Program from \u201chttp:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\u201d, then I would be able to access the pages within the same domain such as \u201chttp<a class=\"vglnk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/resources\" rel=\"nofollow\">:<\/a>\/<a class=\"vglnk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/resources\" rel=\"nofollow\">\/<\/a>www<a class=\"vglnk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/resources\" rel=\"nofollow\">.<\/a>softwaretestinghelp.com\/resources\u201d or \u201chttp:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/istqb-free-updates\/\u201d. The other domains like\u00a0google.com, seleniumhq.org would no more be accessible.\r\n\r\nSo, In order to handle same origin policy, Selenium Remote Control was introduced.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>44)\u00a0When should I use Selenium Grid?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers concurrently so as to achieve distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution time remarkably.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>45) What do we mean by Selenium 1 and Selenium 2?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Selenium RC and WebDriver, in a combination are popularly known as Selenium 2. Selenium RC alone is also referred as Selenium 1.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>46) How do I launch the browser using WebDriver?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>The following syntax can be used to launch Browser:\r\nWebDriver driver =\u00a0new\u00a0FirefoxDriver();\r\nWebDriver driver =\u00a0new\u00a0ChromeDriver();\r\nWebDriver driver =\u00a0new\u00a0InternetExplorerDriver();\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>47) What are the different types of Drivers available in WebDriver?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>The different drivers available in WebDriver are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>FirefoxDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>InternetExplorerDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>ChromeDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>SafariDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>OperaDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>AndroidDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>IPhoneDriver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HtmlUnitDriver<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>48) What are the different types of waits available in WebDriver?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>There are two\u00a0types of waits avaliable in webDriver:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Implicit Wait<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explicit Wait<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<em>Implicit Wait:<\/em>\u00a0Implicit waits are used to provide a default waiting time (say 30 seconds) between each consecutive test step\/command across the entire test script. Thus, subsequent test step would only execute when the 30 seconds have elapsed after executing the previous test step\/command.\r\n\r\n<em>Explicit Wait:<\/em>\u00a0Explicit waits are used to halt the execution till the time a particular condition is met or the maximum time has elapsed. Unlike Implicit waits, explicit waits are applied for a particular instance only.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>49)\u00a0How to type in a textbox using Selenium?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0User can use sendKeys(\u201cString to be entered\u201d) to enter the string in the textbox.\r\n\r\n<em>Syntax:<\/em>\r\nWebElement username =\u00a0drv.findElement(By.id(\u201cEmail\u201d));\r\n\/\/ entering username\r\nusername.sendKeys(\u201csth\u201d);\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>50)\u00a0How can you find if an element in displayed on the screen?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0WebDriver facilitates the user with the following methods to check the visibility of the web elements. These web elements can be buttons, drop boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, labels etc.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>isDisplayed()<\/li>\r\n \t<li>isSelected()<\/li>\r\n \t<li>isEnabled()<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<em>Syntax:<\/em>\r\n\r\nisDisplayed():\r\nboolean\u00a0buttonPresence = driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cgbqfba\u201d)).isDisplayed();\r\n\r\nisSelected():\r\nboolean\u00a0buttonSelected = driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cgbqfba\u201d)).isDisplayed();\r\n\r\nisEnabled():\r\nboolean\u00a0searchIconEnabled = driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cgbqfb\u201d)).isEnabled();\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>51)\u00a0How can we get a text of a web element?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Get command is used to retrieve the inner text of the specified web element. The command doesn\u2019t require any parameter but returns a string value. It is also one of the extensively used commands for verification of messages, labels, errors etc displayed on the web pages.\r\n\r\n<em>Syntax:<\/em>\r\nString Text = driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cText\u201d)).getText();\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>52) How to select value in a dropdown?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0Value in the drop down can be selected using WebDriver\u2019s Select class.\r\n\r\n<em>Syntax:<\/em>\r\n\r\nselectByValue:\r\nSelect selectByValue =\u00a0newSelect(driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cSelectID_One\u201d)));\r\nselectByValue.selectByValue(\u201cgreenvalue\u201d);\r\n\r\nselectByVisibleText:\r\nSelect selectByVisibleText =\u00a0new\u00a0Select (driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cSelectID_Two\u201d)));\r\nselectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText(\u201cLime\u201d);\r\n\r\nselectByIndex:\r\nSelect selectByIndex =\u00a0newSelect(driver.findElement(By.id(\u201cSelectID_Three\u201d)));\r\nselectByIndex.selectByIndex(2);\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>53) What are the different types of navigation commands?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Following are the\u00a0navigation commands:\r\nnavigate().back()\u00a0\u2013 The above command requires no parameters and takes back the user to the previous webpage in the web browser\u2019s history.\r\n\r\nSample code:\r\ndriver.navigate().back();\r\n\r\nnavigate().forward()\u00a0\u2013 This command lets the user to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser\u2019s history.\r\n\r\nSample code:\r\ndriver.navigate().forward();\r\n\r\nnavigate().refresh()\u00a0\u2013 This command lets the user to refresh the current web page there by reloading all the web elements.\r\n\r\nSample code:\r\ndriver.navigate().refresh();\r\n\r\nnavigate().to()\u00a0\u2013 This command lets the user to launch a new web browser window and navigate to the specified URL.\r\n\r\nSample code:\r\ndriver.navigate().to(\u201chttps:\/\/google.com\u201d);\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>54) How to click on a hyper link using linkText?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u201cGoogle\u201d)).click();\r\n\r\nThe command finds the element using link text and then click on that element and thus the user would be re-directed to the corresponding page.\r\n\r\nThe above mentioned link can also be accessed by using the following command.\r\n\r\ndriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(\u201cGoo\u201d)).click();\r\n\r\nThe above command find the element based on the substring of the link provided in the parenthesis and thus partialLinkText() finds the web element with the specified substring and then clicks on it.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>55)\u00a0How to\u00a0handle frame in WebDriver?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>An inline frame acronym as iframe is used to insert another document with in the current HTML document or simply a web page into a web page by enabling nesting.\r\n\r\nSelect iframe by id\r\ndriver.switchTo().frame(\u201cID of the frame\u201c);\r\n\r\nLocating iframe using tagName\r\ndriver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u201ciframe\u201d).get(0));\r\n\r\nLocating iframe using index\r\n\r\nframe(index)\r\ndriver.switchTo().frame(0);\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>56) Can we enter text without using sendKeys() ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ans:\u00a0<\/strong>Yes we can enter text without using sendKeys() method. We have to use combination of javascript and wrapper classes with WebDriver extension class, check the below code-\r\n\r\npublic static void setAttribute(WebElement element, String attributeName, String value)\r\n\r\n{\r\n\r\nWrapsDriver wrappedElement = (WrapsDriver) element;\r\n\r\nJavascriptExecutor driver = (JavascriptExecutor)wrappedElement.getWrappedDriver();\r\n\r\ndriver.executeScript(&#8220;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1],arguments[2])&#8221;, element, attributeName, value);\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\ncall the above method in the test script and pass the text field attribute and pass the text you want to enter.\r\n\r\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; prev_background_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_team_member _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.106&#8243; name=&#8221;Mahesh J&#8221; position=&#8221;Author&#8221; facebook_url=&#8221;&#8221; twitter_url=&#8221;&#8221; google_url=&#8221;&#8221; linkedin_url=&#8221;&#8221; image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/asha24.net\/blog\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/123.gif&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Titillium Web|700|||||||&#8221; body_font=&#8221;Titillium Web||||||||&#8221; body_font_size=&#8221;16&#8243;]\r\n\r\nHello all! I\u2019m a nature\u2019s child, who loves the wild, bringing technical knowledge to you restyled.\r\n\r\n[\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-48103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview-questions","tag-interview-questions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Selenium Interview Questions and answers - Asha24 Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asha24.net\/blog\/selenium-interview-questions-and-answers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium Interview Questions and answers - 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